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Patchoulol is an important sesquiterpenoid in the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin, and is also considered to be the main contributing component to the pharmacological efficacy and fragrance of P. cablin oil, which has antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, and other biological activities. Currently, patchoulol and its essential oil blends are in high demand worldwide, but the traditional plant extraction method has many problems such as wasting land and polluting the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to produce patchoulol efficiently and at low cost. To broaden the production method of patchouli and achieve the heterologous production of patchoulol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the patchoulol synthase(PS) gene from P. cablin was codon optimized and placed under the inducible strong promoter GAL1 to transfer into the yeast platform strain YTT-T5, thereby obtaining strain PS00 with the production of(4.0±0.3) mg·L~(-1) patchoulol. To improve the conversion rate, this study used protein fusion method to fuse SmFPS gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza with PS gene, leading to increase the yield of patchoulol to(100.9±7.4) mg·L~(-1) by 25-folds. By further optimizing the copy number of the fusion gene, the yield of patchoulol was increased by 90% to(191.1±32.7) mg·L~(-1). By optimizing the fermentation process, the strain was able to achieve a patchouli yield of 2.1 g·L~(-1) in a high-density fermentation system, which was the highest yield so far. This study provides an important basis for the green production of patchoulol.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Sesquiterpenes/metabolism , Pogostemon , Oils, Volatile/metabolismABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate blood flow density within 300μm(FD-300)around the foveal avascular zone(FAZ)in optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)of patients with macular edema(ME)complicated with non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), and to explore and evaluate the predictive effect of this parameter on the number of intraocular drug injections.METHODS: A retrospective case study. A total of 50 patients(50 eyes)who were diagnosed as non-ischemic BRVO combined with ME and received intravitreal conbercept(IVC)in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to March 2022 were selected, and they were treated with 3+PRN regimen. The 25 cases(25 eyes)treated with intraocular injection ≤5 times were classified as group B, and 25 cases(25 eyes)treated with intraocular injection >5 times were classified as group C, and 25 fellow eyes were randomly selected as control group A. OCTA was used to scan the macular area in 3mm×3mm to collect images of retinal blood flow, the central macular thickness(CMT)and FD-300. The CMT, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and FD-300 were compared between the two groups at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after the third injection.RESULTS: The BCVA(LogMAR)of the affected eye in both groups B and C at 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after the third injection was significantly lower than baseline(all P<0.05); the CMT and FD-300 were significantly lower than baseline(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the change of BCVA(LogMAR)was positively correlated with the baseline FD-300 and CMT(group B: r=0.77, 0.70, all P<0.01; group C: r=0.89, 0.78, all P<0.01). The number of intraocular injections was negatively correlated with the baseline FD-300(group B: r=-0.63, P<0.01; group C: r=-0.71, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the FD-300 at baseline is a factor that affects the number of intraocular drug injection.CONCLUSION: IVC can effectively alleviate macular edema of the affected eye,improve visual acuity and reduce FD-300. The eyes with worse BCVA and lower FD-300 at baseline may require more injections of anti-VEGF. Observation of FD-300 with OCTA can better predict eventual vision recovery of non-ischemic BRVO with ME before treatment.
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Valencene, a kind of sesquiterpenoid with a citrus flavor, is mainly found in Valencia orange and is commonly used in cosmetics and food additives, as well as industrial synthetic nootkatone. In this study, synthetic biology was used to create a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factory to produce valencene. Fistly, valencene synthase gene (CnVS) from Callitropsis nootkatensis was inserted into the chromosome of the chassis strain YTT-T5. The resulting strain VAL-01 could produce 1.1 mg·L-1 valencene. Protein fusion technique was used, different valencene synthases were compared and the copy number of key genes was adjusted, yielding valencene to 436.4 mg·L-1. Then, knocking-out the transcription factor ROX1 resulted in valencene improvement by 17.4%. Moreover, the induction system of galactose was regulated, transcription factor PDR3 and INO2 were overexpressed. The engineered strain VAL-10 could produce 2 798.6 mg·L-1 valencene by high cell density fermentation method (nearly 2 500 times higher than VAL-01). This study provides a basis for green production of valencene.
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AIM:To investigate the changes in the macular microvasculature in eyes with central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)and paracentral acute middle maculopathy(PAMM).METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 27 cases(27 eyes)who diagnosed with CRAO-PAMM and 29 patients(29 eyes)diagnosed as CRAO but with no PAMM were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. There were 33 normal people(33 eyes)who underwent physical examination in our hospital selected as control group. Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was used to measure retinal blood flow and thickness parameters in the 3 mm×3 mm area of the macula. The correlation among macular retinal blood flow density, retinal thickness, foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area, FAZ perimeter, acircularity index(AI), flow density in a 300-μm-wide region around the FAZ(FD-300)and lesion area, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the CRAO-PAMM group was analyzed.RESULTS: Among the three groups, there were significant differences in the overall and parafoveal blood flow density of superficial capillary layer(SCP)and deep capillary layer(DCP), foveal thickness, FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, AI and FD-300(all P<0.05). In the CRAO-PAMM group, the lesion area was negatively correlated with DCP overall and parafoveal blood flow density(r=-0.569, P=0.002; r=-0.543, P=0.004), and positively correlated with the parafoveal thickness(r=0.606, P=0.001); BCVA(LogMAR)was negatively correlated with DCP foveal and parafoveal blood flow density(r=-0.433, P=0.024; r=-0.515, P=0.006), and positively correlated with FAZ area, perimeter and lesion area(r=0.484, P=0.011; r=0.531, P=0.004; r=0.417, P=0.030).CONCLUSION:Patients with CRAO and PAMM have lower macular blood flow density, heavier macular edema and poorer visual acuity, and BCVA may be influenced by both lesion area and FAZ area.
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Objective: To compare the differences to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) measured with indirect calorimetry and REE predicted by formula method and body composition analyzer in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the implementation of precision nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis who were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2020 to December 2020 were collected. REE was determined by the body composition analyzer and the H-B formula method. Results: were analyzed and compared to REE measured by the metabolic cart. Results A total of 57 cases with liver cirrhosis were included in this study. Among them, 42 were male, aged (47.93 ± 8.62) years, and 15 were female aged (57.20 ± 11.34) years. REE measured value in males was (1 808.14 ± 201.47) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). REE measured value in females was (1 496.60 ± 131.28) kcal/d, compared with the results calculated by the H-B formula method and the measured result of body composition, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). REE measured with the metabolic cart had correlation with age and area of visceral fat in men (P = 0.021) and women (P = 0.037). Conclusion: Metabolic cart use will be more accurate to obtain resting energy expenditure in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Body composition analyzer and formula method may underestimate REE predictions. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the effect of age on REE in H-B formula should be fully considered for male patients, while the area of visceral fat may have a certain impact on the interpretation of REE in female patients.
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Humans , Male , Female , Energy Metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Calorimetry, Indirect/methods , HospitalizationABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Suanzaoren Tang on the behavior， growth-associated protein-43 （GAP-43）， postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95）， and synaptophysin Ⅰ （SynⅠ） of insomniac rats induced by p-chlorophenylalanine （PCPA）， and to investigate the mechanism of Suanzaoren Tang in improving the behavior of the insomniac rats. MethodSeventy-two SD rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups （12 rats in each group）： control group （normal saline）， PCPA （0.35 g·kg-1·d-1） group， estazolam （2.7×10-4 g·kg-1·d-1） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.25， 7.5， 15 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively） Suanzaoren Tang groups. The rat model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA and then the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs for 7 continuous days. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to test the learning and memory functions， and the open field to test anxiety. Histopathological changes in the hippocampus were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43， PSD-95， and SynⅠ in hippocampus were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR)， Western blot， and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. ResultCompared with the control group， the PCPA group showcased long escape latency， shortened time in the quadrants， and decreased times of crossing the platform in Morris water maze， decreased alternation correct rate was significantly Y-maze， and increased distance， mean velocity， and time in center of the open field test （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the PCPA-treated rats showed obvious pathological damage in the hippocampus and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43， PSD-95， and SynⅠ in hippocampus （P<0.01）. Compared with the PCPA group， the treatments with estazolam and different doses of Suanzaoren Tang improved the rat performance in Morris water maze， Y-maze， and open field test （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated the hippocampal damage， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43， PSD-95， and SynⅠ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSuanzaoren Tang may alleviate the learning and memory disorders and anxiety in PCPA-induced insomnia rat model by up-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins GAP-43， PSD-95， and SynⅠ.
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AIM: To observe the imaging characteristics of multi-modal imaging in perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex(PEVAC).METHODS: A retrospective case analysis. There were 11 patients(11 eyes)diagnosed as PEVAC by multi-modal imaging in our hospital included in this study from February 2021 to February 2022. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).RESULTS: On fundus examination, six out of eleven eyes presented as a unilateral and isolated lesion with diameter ≥150μm, five out of eleven eyes presented as multiple lesions(ranging from 2 to 4)and the diameter of each lesion <150μm, seven eyes with retinal edema and/or hard exudation. FFA revealed an oval-like hyper-fluorescent lesion of parafoveal in the late phase with enhancement but no leakage. Late peripheral telangiectasia leakage is seen with oedema. OCTA examination revealed a parafoveal small mass hyper-reflex showed aneurysmal dilation in the superficial and deep capillary, and capillary rarefaction was observed around the lesion. B-scan showed strong blood flow signal inside. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy was performed in 4 patients with macular edema. However, there was no notable improvement after treatment.CONCLUSION: Multi-modal imaging can help confirm the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PEVAC, there is a poorly response to anti-VEGF therapy.
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Objective To understand the current status of osteoporosis risk and influencing factors for residents from 30 to 65 years old in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou province, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of osteoporosis and the prevention of osteoporosis in the population. Methods A health questionnaire for residents in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou, osteoporosis risk test questions, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), etc were used. A face-to-face survey of 3 708 residents was conducted, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis risk in hot spring areas. Results 2 403(64.81%)residents of 3 708 people surveyed were at risk of osteoporosis, of whom 1 434(87.4%)males and 969 females(47.1%)had a higher risk of osteoporosis (χ2=652.4, P < 0.001). As age increased, more residents were at risk of osteoporosis(χ2=273.4, P < 0.001), and numbers of residents of 30-39 years old, 40-59 years old, and above 60 years of age at risk of osteoporosis were 319(49.2%), 1 572(62.9%), and 512(93.6%). Male osteoporosis risk was negatively correlated with an education level of undergraduate and above(OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.19-0.73). Age 40-59(OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.07-2.22), 60 and above(OR=6.39, 95%CI: 2.76-14.79), and sleep disorders(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.08-2.35)may increase the risk of osteoporosis in male residents in hot spring areas. Less oil in daily diet may increase the risk of osteoporosis in women(OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.23-2.36). Age 40-59(OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.17-2.03), over 60 and above(OR=16.24, 95%CI: 10.10-26.12), and sleep disorders(OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.48-2.28)were positively correlated with risk of osteoporosis in women. Women with junior high school degree(OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.47-0.80), high school degree(OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.37-0.89)and undergraduate degree and above(OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.39-0.98)had a lower risk of osteoporosis than women who were illiterate or semi-illiterate. The osteoporosis risk test questions showed that smoking, heavy drinking, and erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire were the main sources of osteoporosis risk in men. Menopause before the age of 60, ≤45 years old, no milk and no calcium supplements, parents with osteoporosis or bone fractures were the major risk sources of osteoporosis in women. Conclusion The risk of osteoporosis among male residents from 30 to 65 years old in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou province is higher than that among women. Education of osteoporosis prevention should be strengthened among local residents to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of osteoarthrosis and the association between hot spring bathing and osteoarthrosis among local adults in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province. Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged from 30 to 65 in five typical hot spring areas, including Xifeng(Xifeng County, Guiyang), Jianhe(Jianhe County, Qiandongnan), Fodingshan(Shiqian County, Tongren), Guiyu(Wudang District, Guiyang)and Huishangu(Suiyang County, Zunyi). Residents' basic information, bone and joint diseases prevalence, hot spring bathing, and other health-related behaviors were investigated in this study. The prevalence of local bone and joint diseases was analyzed, and binary logistic regression was used to calculate OR(95%CI)to analyze the association between hot spring bathing and bone and joint diseases. Results A total of 3 708 adults(1 648 males and 2 060 females)were included as the statistical analysis survey subjects, and 794 people reported bone and joint diseases, accounting for a prevalence rate of 21.41%, 95% CI: 0.201-0.227. The prevalence of females(24.56%)was higher than that of males(17.48%)(P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of diseases increased with age(χtrend2=130.265, P < 0.001). There were also statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate of bone and joint diseases among different genders, age groups, occupations, education levels, and smoking behaviors(P < 0.05). After gender, age, occupation, education and smoking were adjusted for, compared with the group who never took hot spring baths, participants who took hot spring baths occasionally(OR=0.793, 95%CI: 0.631-0.996)and frequently(OR=0.713, 95%CI: 0.536-0.948)were associated with a lower risk of bone and joint diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoarthrosis is 21.41% in the typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province. Older or females have a higher risk of prevalence of bone and joint diseases. Hot spring bathing may be associated with a lower risk of bone and joint diseases.
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Objective To investigate the association between hot spring bathing behavior and hypertension and understand the mediation effect of sleep quality problems on the association. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 30 to 65 living and working around five hot springs in Guizhou Province, employing a self-designed questionnaire on the health status and hot spring bathing, and 3 708 qualified questionnaires were collected. Participants were divided into three groups according to their frequency of hot spring bathing: never, occasionally, and frequently. Stratified via sex and sleep quality, the binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between different hot spring bathing frequencies and self-reported hypertension. Results Significant difference was detected in the self-reported hypertension between groups who never bathe(13.7%), who occasional bathe(9.4%)and who frequently bathe(8.5%)among female participants(χ2=10.460, P=0.005). However, no significant difference was found among different bathing groups in males. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that compared with no bathing, occasional(OR=0.692)and frequent (OR=0.594)hot spring bathing were associated with lower hypertension prevalence among female population, and female groups of occasional and frequent bathing with sleep quality problems had smaller OR(OR=0.571 and 0.406, respectively). After sleep quality problems were included, hot spring bathing was still associated with lower hypertension risk, and the OR values of occasional bathing and frequent bathing groups were 0.723 and 0.611, respectively. The sleep quality problems of female population played a partial mediating role in the association between hot spring bathing and hypertension, and the relative mediating effects of occasional bathing and frequent bathing with hypertension were both statistically significant(Zm=-2.022 and -1.995, P < 0.05), which accounted for 34.34% and 30.15% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusion Regular hot spring bathing may play an auxiliary role in the prevention of hypertension, and it may provide a stronger protection for women, and especially those with sleep quality problems. Sleep quality problems may explain part of the association between hot spring bathing and hypertension in female population.
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Objective To analyze the association between hot spring bathing and the quality of life of smokers living in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou to make suggestions on improving their quality of life. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study whose data was collected by questionnaires. The WHO Quality of Life Scale(WHO QOL-BREEF)was used to measure quality of life. Results The quality of life in the psychological domain(14.09±1.83 vs 13.79±1.82, P < 0.05)and the environmental domain(12.70±1.84 vs 12.37±1.67, P < 0.05)among smokers who took hot spring baths was significantly higher than that among those who did not. After adopting ordinary logistic regression model to adjust for other factors, for the physical domain, the odd of scoring"good"in the WHO scale in group of smokers who took hot spring baths less that once a month was 0.70 lower than that in those who took baths at least once a month(OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.54-0.91). In psychological domain, the odd of the group of smokers who did not take hot spring baths was 0.65 lower than that in those who took baths at least once a month(OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.47-0.90). And the odd of the group of smokers who bathed less than once in a month was 0.71 lower than those who bathed at least once a month(OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.54-0.92). Conclusion There is a positive relationship between hot spring bathing and quality of life, which prompts that people who smoke take hot spring baths to improve their quality of life.
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Objective To investigate hot spring bathing behavior and chronic disease prevalence of residents aged 30 to 65 in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province. Methods Totally 3 708 individuals between 30 and 65 in five typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province were included in this study. Their hot spring bathing behavior and chronic disease prevalence were recorded. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between hot spring bathing and the incidence of chronic diseases. Results 71.3% of the residents in the hot spring areas had bathed in hot springs, with the proportion higher in males than females(χ2=92.856, P < 0.001). 76.3% of people took hot spring baths fewer than or equal to 6 times per year, 30.8% of residents often chose to take hot spring baths in the evening, and 37.6% of the residents took hot spring baths for 21-40 minutes. Bathing was more common in winter. 11.5% and 17.9% of the residents added other substances and used hot spring facilities, and most of them added traditional Chinese medicine and used the sauna. 46.6% and 41.6 % of the residents took hot spring baths to relax and relieve fatigue. The self-reported prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 522.1‰, and the top five single diseases were lumbar intervertebral disc disease(119.7‰), hypertension(118.1‰), urinary calculus(77.7‰), cervical intervertebral disc disease(53.7‰)and osteogenesis(44.5‰). Compared with those who never bathed in hot springs, taking hot spring baths 7-11 times a year was negatively correlated with chronic diseases.(OR=0.551, 95%CI: 0.345-0.879). Conclusion Hot spring bathing is popular in typical hot spring areas of Guizhou Province, but its frequency is not high. The overall prevalence of chronic diseases is relatively high, and the order of most prevalent chronic diseases is different from that in other areas. Proper hot spring bathing is negatively correlated with chronic diseases.
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Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of the extracts from fresh Lycii Fructus (LBL) on hepatoma HepG2 cell-induced cachexia in mouse.Method: The human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was injected into BALB/C mice to establish the cachexia model.Then the LBL was fed to the models respectively in low dose (5 mg·kg-1) or high dose (25 mg·kg-1).After 28 days of continuous feeding,the mice's body weight was detected.The expression levels of creatine kinase (CK),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The muscle degradation and the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.The expression levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined by Western blot.Result: Compared with cachexia group,the loss of body weight and muscle decomposition were significantly inhibited both in the low dose LBL group and high dose LBL group (P0.05,PPβ,IL-6 and TNF-α in both the low-dose LBL group and the high-dose LBL group (PPPκB were inhibited both in the low-dose LBL group and the high-dose LBL group (PConclusion: LBL could inhibit the cachexia induced by hepatoma HepG2 cell line in mouse,suggesting LBL could reduce major cytokine and plasma inflammatory factors through p-p38 MAPK pathway.
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Desmoglein (DSG) is an important constituent of desmosome, a single transmembrane glycoprotein that binds to desmocollin (DSC), regulates intercellular adhesion and transmits intracellular and extracelluar signals. Studies have shown that DSG2, one subtype of the DSG, is abnormally expressed in tumor cells and has certain value for targeted treatment and prognosis. This paper reviews the structure, biological functions and related diseases of DSG2 protein.
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Led by the Thyroid Cancer Professional Committee of the China Anti-cancer Association(CATO), experts from 21 thyroid centers jointly formulated the 2016 Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Its content covers surgical, pathological, imaging, endocrine and nuclear medicine and other professional fields, and summarizes the latest clinical research results in the field of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in recent years and the actual situation in China.The expert consensus includes 23 recommendations, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and outlook of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, which provides a more reasonable and standard diagnosis and treatment plan.The purpose of this paper is to interpret the application of the consensus two years after its release and the reactions in the industry.
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OBJECTIVE@#MicroRNAs (miRs) are attractive molecules to be considered as one of the blood-based biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of this study was to explore their potential value as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD.@*METHODS@#The expression levels of exosomal miR-135a, -193b, and -384 in the serum from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia of Alzheimer-type (DAT), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients were measured with a real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) method.@*RESULTS@#Both serum exosome miR-135a and miR-384 were up-regulated while miR-193b was down-regulated in serum of AD patients compared with that of normal controls. Exosome miR-384 was the best among the three miRs to discriminate AD, VaD, and PDD. Using the cut-off value could better interpret these laboratory test results than reference intervals in the AD diagnosis. ROC curve showed that the combination of miR-135a, -193b, and -384 was proved to be better than a particular one for early AD diagnosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results indicated that the exosomal miRs in the serum were not only potential biomarker of AD early diagnosis, but might also provide novel insights into the screen and prevention of the disease.
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease , Blood , Biomarkers , Blood , Case-Control Studies , Cognitive Dysfunction , Blood , Dementia, Vascular , Blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Exosomes , Metabolism , MicroRNAs , Blood , Parkinson Disease , Blood , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Purpose To explore the clinical, imaging, pathologic features and diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS). Methods Forty cases of DDCS confirmed by pathologists were collected from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital from January 2005 to August 2017, including clinical, imaging, pathologic and follow-up data. HE, immunohistochemistry and statistical methods were used with review of the related literature. Results There were 21 males and 19 females in 40 cases of DDCS, with an average age of 51 years. The tumors were located in hip, proximal femur, humerus, sternum, tibia, shoulder, finger, and thoracic cavity. The main clinical manifestations were local pain, swelling, limited mobility and so on. Typical radiographic manifestations are "bimorphic features", which showed two manifestations of dot or circular like calcification of chondrosarcoma, and invasive soft tissue masses. Histologically, clearly defined well-differentiated chondrosarcoma components juxtaposed highly malignant dedifferentiation components, which can display as follows: osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and spindle cell sarcoma that could not be clearly classified. The dedifferentiated components might also be low-grade tumors such as giant cell tumor of bone or low grade osteosarcoma. The proportions of these two ingredients were uncertain. Preoperative biopsy was performed in 34 cases, of whom only 9 (26.5％) were correctly diagnosed as DDCS. The average survival time of patients with metastasis at first visit was significantly shorter than the patient without metastasis. Conclusion Diagnosis of DDCS should be combined with clinical features, imaging and histological morphology. As their histological morphology complex, and preoperative puncture biopsy limitations, its diagnosis is very difficult. Patients with metastases at the time of initial diagnosis have a worse prognosis.
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Objectives:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume and cardiovascular disease risk factors and energy consumption. Methods:From September 2014 to December 2015,we enrolled 152 inpatients underwent coronary artery CT examination due to suspected coronary heart disease in the Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.The volume of PAT was assessment by 64-slice CT, the energy consumption was assessment by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The clinical data, biochemical indexes, PAT volume were analyzed. Results : (1) PAT volume was significantly correlated with age, gender, BMI, HOMA-IR, FPG, HDL-C, TG, total physical activity energy consumption, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption, total energy consumption of sedentary (P<0.05 or P<0.001); (2) PAT volume of patients with insulin resistance was significantly higher than those without insulin resistance; (3) Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, gender, BMI, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption were independent predictors of PAT volume. Conclusions: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume is associated with age, gender, systolic blood pressure, BMI, total middle intensity physical activity energy consumption.
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Objective MetFab-DOX can inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, but few researches have been conducted on the effect of MetFab-DOX on doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cells. This study aimed to constructed doxorubicin-resistant HepG2 cell lines and explored the effect of MetFab-DOX on their drug resistance.Methods Using high-dose intermittent induction, we constructed the doxorubicin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell model HepG2/DOX and divided the cells into a blank control, a DOX (5 μg/mL), and an MetFab-DOX group (containing 5 μg/mL doxorubicin). After treatment, we detected the effects of MetFab-DOX on the proliferation, apoptosis, internalization and biological function of the HepG2/DOX cells by CCK8 assay, FCM, cell immunofluorescence, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. We also established a tumor-bearing model in the nude mouse and examined the effects of MetFab-DOX on the volume and morphology of the tumor.Results The drug resistance index of the HepG2/DOX cells treated with DOX and MetFab-DOX was markedly reduced, with statistically significant difference between the HepG2 and HepG2/DOX cells (P<0.05). After 24 hours of treatment, the cell apoptosis rate was remarkably higher in the MetFab-DOX than in the DOX group (19.87% vs 8.09%, P<0.05), and so was it at 48 hours (41.27% vs 16.15%, P<0.01). The internalization in the cells showed no statistically significant difference between the MetFab-DOX and DOX groups at 30 minutes, while the fluorescence intensity of doxorubicin was markedly higher in the former than in the latter group at 60 and 120 minutes. The cell scratch healing rate was lower in the MetFab-DOX than in the DOX and blank control groups at 24 hours (14.46% vs 16.80% and 19.88%, P<0.05), but higher in the former than in the latter two groups at 48 hours (22.60% vs 36.96% and 56.43%, P<0.01). The number of the membrane-penetrating cells per visual field was significantly decreased in the MetFab-DOX and DOX groups as compared with that in the blank control (646.18 and 880.51 vs 1043.52, P<0.05), and even lower in the MetFab-DOX than in the DOX group (P<0.05). After 40 days of treatment, the tumor inhibition rate was remarkably higher in the MetFab-DOX than in the DOX group (64% vs 35.27%, P<0.05). In the blank control group, the transplanted tumor cells were irregularly arranged and proliferative tumors varied in volume and constituted a larger proportion. The proliferation of the cells was slightly reduced in the DOX group as compared with that in the control. In the MetFab-DOX group, the tumor cells showed a significant shrinkage and a decreased number.Conclusion MetFab-DOX can effectively reduce the doxorubicin-resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with its abilities of increasing the accumulation in drug-induced cells and inducing cell apoptosis.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>As a traditional Chinese medicine, Cordyceps sinensis (CS) possesses a variety of immunoregulatory properties. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of CS in a mice model of multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55to induce EAE, followed by an instant intragastric feeding with a low dosage of CS (low-CS group, n = 5), high dosage of CS (high-CS group, n = 5), or the same volume of normal saline (control group, n = 5). All the mice were observed for clinical assessment. Over the 30 days of CS treatment, flow cytometry was used to detect the frequency of helper T-cell (Th) subsets, Th1 and Th17, and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. Meanwhile, pathological changes in brain were determined using both hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Over the 15 and 30 days of CS treatment, the clinical assessment for EAE demonstrated that both high-CS group (2.51 ± 0.31 and 2.26 ± 0.39 scores, respectively) and low-CS group (2.99 ± 0.40 and 2.69 ± 0.46, respectively) had lower disease severity scores than those of control group (3.57 ± 0.53 and 3.29 ± 0.53, all P < 0.01, respectively). Meanwhile, after 15 and 30 days, the high-CS group (19.18 ± 1.34 g and 20.41 ± 1.56 g, respectively) and low-CS group (18.07 ± 1.18 g and 19.48 ± 1.69 g, respectively) had a lower body weight, as compared with control group (16.85 ± 1.15 g and 18.22 ± 1.63 g, all P < 0.01, respectively). At 30 days post-CS treatment, there was a lower Th1 frequency in the lymph nodes (2.85 ± 1.54% and 2.77 ± 1.07% vs. 5.35 ± 1.34%, respectively; P < 0.05) and spleens (3.96 ± 1.09% and 3.09 ± 0.84% vs. 5.07 ± 1.50%, respectively; P < 0.05) and less inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the brain of CS-treated mice than that of control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our preliminary study demonstrated that CS efficiently alleviated EAE severity and EAE-related pathology damage and decreased the number of Th1s in the periphery, indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of murine EAE. Thus, our findings strongly support the therapeutic potential of this agent as a new traditional Chinese medicine approach in MS treatment.</p>